Abudhabi essays

Abudhabi essays Largest of the seven component parts of the United Arab, Abu Dhabi has a history that stretches back many thousands of years. The first trace of Abu Dhabi dates back to the 16th century AD, when a book published by a traveling court jeweler from Venice mentioned a list of islands in the southern Arabian Gulf. To one of them he gave the name Sirbeniast or Bani Yas, evidence that the Bani Yas confederation of tribes, led for the last 250 years by the family of President his highness Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, and must already have achieved a degree of prominence in the region. The Bani Yas themselves first appeared in history first appeared in history in the early 17th century, when they are reported to have been involved in around 1633 in a major battle between the coast and Liwa with an advancing army from Oman. Historical records trace the origins of what was to become the emirate back at least as far as the late 17th or early 18th century to the reign of somewhat misty figure named Nahyan. He was succeeded by a son, Isa, and by the middle of the century, his son, Dhiyab bin Isa, and become the Sheikh of the Bani Yas, with his main base in the liwa oasis, deep in the desert. To Sheikh Dhiyab goes the credit of establishing the present-day Abu Dhabi, said to have been founded in 1761. A tribal legend tells the tale of a party once hunters from Liwa who visisted the coast, and saw the tracks of a gazelle leading out across the sabkha, salt flats. Following the trail, they found it had come to a narrow inlet of the sea, which it had then crossed, to an island just offshore. Their pursuit continued, and, following the tracks through a thick sea mist, they came upon a gazelle, the discovery of water on an offshore island was of more importance. Returning to Liwa, the hunters reported their find to sheikh Dhiyab. Recognizing its significance, he ordered that a settlement be established on the island, which nam...

Battle of Paulus Hook in the American Revolution

Battle of Paulus Hook in the American Revolution Battle of Paulus Hook - Conflict Date: The Battle of Paulus Hook took place on August 19, 1779, during the American Revolution (1775-1783).   Armies Commanders United States Major Henry Light Horse Harry Lee300 men Great Britain Major William Sutherland250 men Battle of Paulus Hook - Background: In the spring of 1776, Brigadier General William Alexander, Lord Stirling directed that a series of fortifications be built along the west bank of the Hudson River opposite New York City.   Among those that were constructed was a fort on Paulus Hook (present-day Jersey City).   That summer, the garrison at Paulus Hook engaged British warships as they arrived to commence General Sir William Howes campaign against New York City.   After General George Washingtons Continental Army suffered a reverse at the Battle of Long Island in August and Howe captured the city in September, American forces withdrew from Paulus Hook.   A short time later, British troops landed to occupy the post.    Situated to control access to northern New Jersey, Paulus Hook sat on a spit of land with water on two sides.   On the landward side, it was protected by a series of salt marshes that flooded at high tide and could only be crossed via a single causeway.   Upon the hook itself, the British built a series of redoubts and earthworks which were centered on an oval casemate containing six guns and a powder magazine.   By 1779, the garrison at Paulus Hook consisted of around 400 men led by  Colonel Abraham Van Buskirk.   Additional support for the posts defense could be summoned from New York through the use of a variety of signals.            Ã‚   Battle of Paulus Hook - Lees Plan: In July 1779, Washington directed Brigadier General Anthony Wayne to mount a raid against the British garrison at Stony Point.   Attacking on night of July 16, Waynes men achieved a stunning success and captured the post.   Taking inspiration from this operation, Major Henry Light Horse Harry Lee approached Washington about making a similar effort against Paulus Hook.   Though initially reluctant due to the posts proximity to New York City, the American commander elected to authorize the attack.   Lees plan called for his force to overwhelm Paulus Hooks garrison at night and then destroy the fortifications before withdrawing at dawn.   To accomplish the mission, he assembled a force of 400 men consisting of 300 from the 16th Virginia under Major John Clark, two companies from Maryland overseen by Captain Levin Handy, and a troop of dismounted dragoons drawn from Captain Allen McLeans rangers.                Battle of Paulus Hook - Moving Out: Departing from New Bridge (River Edge) on the evening of August 18, Lee moved south with the goal of attacking around midnight.   As the strike force covered the fourteen miles to Paulus Hook, problems ensued as a local guide attached to Handys command became lost in the woods delaying the column for three hours.   Additionally, a portion of the Virginians found themselves separated from Lee.   In a stroke of luck, the Americans avoided a column of 130 men led by Van Buskirk that had sortied from the fortifications.   Reaching Paulus Hook after 3:00 AM, Lee ordered Lieutenant Guy Rudolph to reconnoiter for a path across the salt marshes.   Once one was located, he divided his command into two columns for the assault. Battle of Paulus Hook - Bayonet Attack: Moving through the marshes and a canal undetected, the Americans found that their powder and ammunition had become wet.   Ordering his troops to fix bayonets, Lee directed one column to break through the abatis and storm Paulus Hooks outer entrenchments.   Surging forward, his men gained a brief advantage as the sentries initially believed the approaching men were Van Buskirks troops returning.   Swarming into the fortress, the Americans overwhelmed the garrison and forced Major William Sutherland, commanding in the colonels absence, to retreat with a small force of Hessians to a small redoubt.   Having secured the remainder of Paulus Hook, Lee began to assess the situation as dawn was rapidly approaching. Lacking forces to storm the redoubt, Lee planned to burn the fortress barracks.   He quickly abandoned this plan when it was found that they were filled with sick men, women, and children.   Having captured 159 enemy soldiers and achieved a victory, Lee elected to begin withdrawing before British reinforcements arrived from New York.   The plan for this phase of the operation called for his troops to move to Douws Ferry where they would cross the Hackensack River to safety.   Arriving at the ferry, Lee was alarmed to find that required boats were absent.   Lacking other options, he men began marching north over a route similar that used earlier in the night. Battle of Paulus Hook - Withdrawal Aftermath: Reaching Three Pigeons Tavern, Lee reconnected with 50 of the Virginians who had become separated during the movement south.   Possessing dry powder, they were quickly deployed as flankers to protect the column.   Pressing on, Lee soon connected with 200 reinforcements sent south by Stirling.   These men aided in repelling an assault by Van Buskirk a short time later.   Though pursued by Sutherland and reinforcements from New York, Lee and his force safely arrived back at New Bridge around 1:00 PM.   In the attack at Paulus Hook, Lees command suffered 2 killed, 3 wounded, and 7 captured while the British incurred over 30 killed and wounded as well as 159 captured.   Though not large-scale victories, the American successes at Stony Point and Paulus Hook helped convince the British commander in New York, General Sir Henry Clinton, that a decisive triumph could not be obtained in the region.   As a result, he began planning a campaign in the southern colonies for the following year.   In recognition of his achievement, Lee received a gold medal from Congress.   He would later serve with distinction in the South and was the father of noted Confederate commander Robert E. Lee. Selected Sources HistoryNet: Battle of Paulus Hook2nd Virginia Regiment: Battle of Paulus Hook Revolutionary New Jersey: Battle of Paulus Hook

Letter to Colombian Government (Writing to Argue) Assignment

Letter to Colombian Government (Writing to Argue) - Assignment Example The situation is further exacerbated by the displacement of children due to the armed conflict and the forced recruitment of minors by armed groups, such as the FARC (IACH Report). The commission’s conclusion is clearly a clarion call for government action. Unfortunately, the Colombian government’s enactment of the 1989 Minor’s Code facilitates the exploitation of the very children it aims to protect. In Medellin, the Minor’s Code encourages contempt of the law, engenders child assassins, brings children under the control of exploitative bosses, pushes children into guerilla forces, and prevents the reintegration of children into society. The Minor’s Code’s position that those who are under the age of 18 will not go to jail on committing a crime, only gives carte blanche to children to break the law with impunity. While its provisions may superficially claim to protect the child, the ground-reality is markedly different: the Code, designed to protect kids from adult prisons, actually puts them above the law. It effectively absolves children from taking responsibility for their actions. This makes them effective instruments of crime, as they can easily evade the long arm of the law. Just as civilians are used as shields in unfair wars, the Minor’s Code is responsible for children being used as shields for crime on the streets of Medellin. There is widespread contempt of the law and crimes are delegated to children. The Code is as good as a license to kill.   As the Minor's Code allows kids under 18 to kill without being held responsible, the streets of Medellin teem with child assassins. Contract killings, which are common here, are largely executed by minors. The client contacts a boss, identifies the victim and pays the contract price. The boss then executes the contract using child assassins. Capt. Luis Francisco Marino Florez, a homicide detective in Medellin, perceives child assassins to be more dangerous t han adult ones. He says, â€Å"They're less predictable, and they know they can't be touched.† Minors literally thumb their noses at him. â€Å"In the cases of 12- and 13-year-olds, we have kids who we know have murdered 10 to 15 people, but nothing happens to them† (Griswold, New York Times). Secure behind the walls of the Minor’s Code, Medellin’s adolescent sicarios, or assassins, are the gang bosses’ preferred instruments of execution. The Minor’s Code puts children under the exploitative control of gang bosses, who keep their young charges on a tight leash. The gang leaders of Medellin are often affiliated with the paramilitary forces from whom they receive cash and weapons. The immunity conferred on children by the Minor’s Code makes them ideal as the bosses’ underlings. The bosses hire child assassins and equip them with weapons. The children are provided with drugs, as another way in which the bosses can retain control o ver them. They depend on the gang bosses for drugs, approval and money. In the frequent absence of fathers, these children even see the bosses as their role models. They get paid at the bosses’ whim. Once they are caught in this vicious circle, children cannot break out. They have to continue killing, or be killed. As the minor reaches the age of eighteen, which places him outside the protective umbrella of the Minor’

Outlining and Identifying the Characteristics of the Flora and Fauna Essay

Outlining and Identifying the Characteristics of the Flora and Fauna - Essay Example Gaines, and S.D. 2007). Each organism found in this habitat has a different adaptation to increase survival levels in environments with harsh extremes. A rocky shore can typically be separated into different zones each zone has a wealth of species that inhabit it. The splash zone, which is also the spray zone, usually occurs above the spring high tide line. The organisms here have adaptations to cope with high exposure to air and different temperature extremes due to different seasonal fluctuations. The intertidal zone can be split into three different sections the high intertidal area, the low intertidal region and the middle intertidal. The high intertidal zone is mainly hit with the highest of tides. The middle intertidal zone is regularly exposed and submerged by average tides. The low intertidal zone borders the shallow sub tidal zone and is primary marine in character. Shores with vertical zonation are similar globally. Zonation zones are classified by the different exposure le vels to waves and also by the organisms that occur in these areas. Many a biotic factors may influence the result of a comparative survey of rocky shore biota. The geological factors such as the surface texture of surrounding rocks may influence the organisms found as they may need to be adapted to attach to the surface (Kitching, J.A. Little, C. 1996).

Housing Industry in America Essay Example for Free

Housing Industry in America Essay The American housing industry forms a vital component of the American economy as homes are the basic necessity for everyone. The industry offers jobs for various people from different professions including carpenters, masons, architects, engineers, technicians, interior designers, civil engineers, designers, artists, etc. The entire industry is distributed over several small companies rather than one single large company. However, in the US, there have been several mergers and acquisitions of the smaller companies recently. Most of the people in the US actually live in homes or apartments constructed by the housing industry and hence they have a huge stake in the market. The American housing industry constructs variety of homes including apartments, townhouses, single-family house, custom-build house, etc. A small number of people in the US actually live in houses build by themselves. Most of the houses constructed in the US are build on-site and a fewer number are fabricated in the factory and late transported to their actual site. The construction material used in various areas of the US is also different based on the geographic requirements, local resources available, etc. It may be cheaper and easier to build homes in one region of the US compared to another. Besides, the material used by the housing industry has changed over the last century since the housing industry came into picture. Earlier the housing industry used a lot of wood, asbestos, tiles, and lead-rich paint. Today the construction industry is using greater amount of concrete, steel and plastics (Muldin, 2008). Due to the recent recession and economic slowdown, the housing industry in the US has experienced a significant drop of about 3. 1 %. In more than 43 states the cost of homes has dropped by about 8 %. One of the main reasons for this is the difficultly for consumers to pay loans and mortgages (Muldin, 2008).

XML Application for Business Processes :: essays research papers

XML | Applications for Business Process Analysis & Design Introduced in 1996, Extensible Markup Language (XML) was initially intended to function in the place of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) as the standard format used to define online document structure (Obasanjo, 2003). These intentions are proving inevitable as business organizations begin to realize the real potential found in the family of XML technologies. Potential in terms of improvement in information management practices measured by a company’s reduction in time and overhead. One such organization that has actually realized these benefits in several facets of their operations is Freightliner, a division of Daimler Chrysler who designs, manufactures, and sells specialized commercial vehicles and will be detailed later (Kotok, 2003). XML has proven to be more than simply an advanced version of HTML. It is helping to create a common language for intra and inter-organizational business processes (Obasanjo, 2003). Several aspects unique to XML set it apart from its parent Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and sibling HTML. These are the same aspects spurring a community of software developers, enterprise leaders, and standards commissions to focus on this budding technology as the lingua franca of document exchange (Geyer, 2003). The meta-language not only defines webpage format but also is actually able to provide descriptions of tabular, structured, and semi-structured data. Network protocols, relational databases, program configuration files, web pages, technical drawings and business documents are all examples of these common data forms found in everyday business operations (Obasanjo, 2003). Like HTML, XML incorporates tags that bracket words and attributes. XML, however, uses these tags to define the data leaving the task of interpretation up to the application employing the data. This undefined vocabulary feature allows extensibility in that industry specific terminology is no longer a programming hurdle as in the past (Bos, 1999). XML applications can easily be tailored to plug in and bridge the communication between once stand-alone software. Resource intensive new software investments can be avoided by making use of existing databases and familiar programs. XML can be used with a large assortment of other languages and is not specific to any one operating system or vendor. It is text based and Unicode compliant and can be translated into the many commonly used written languages (Walsh, 2003). This allows for more businesses that run a variety of platforms and operate internationally to take advantage of this technology. Along with XML comes a family of helpful resources designed to automate frequently used tasks and offers services to make writing the language efficient and user friendly.

Controversial Rap Themes, Gender Portrayals and Skin Tone Distortion Essay

The following six questions are addressed in a critique of an article entitled: Controversial Rap Themes, Gender Portrayals and Skin Tone Distortion: A Content Analysis of Rap Music Videos. This article was published in the Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media and written by Kate Conrad, Travis Dixon, and Yuanyuan Zhang. Kate and Yuanyuan are PhD students in the Department of Speech Communications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Travis is Assistant Professor of Speech Communication at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Q1: Does the program address age-related patterns of disorder and competence? From the description of the program provided, it appears that this program does address age-related patters of disorder and competence, however this is inferred. The methods section of this article describes the sample as consisting on 93 sixth graders from five different classrooms in three towns in the Northeast. In statistical analyses, this sample of six graders was compared to a control group of 34 fifth graders from two different classrooms in two of the three same towns. The author indicates sixth graders were selected because they are considered old enough to have developed the cognitive skills and scholastic abilities to follow the curriculum. This assertion is supported with citation from numerous published research including: Flavel, Flavel, Green & Korfmacher, 1990; Singer, Zuckerman & Singer, 1980; Suddendorf, 1999). Additionally, fifth and sixth graders were selected because they are considered old enough not to be frightened or disturbed by violent images that were analyzed in the study (Cantor, 1994). And finally, sixth graders are considered young enough chronologically to still be forming patterns for media consumption, as well as opinions regarding mass media. The author and other scholars believe these opinions may persist into adulthood as supported by Comstock & Scharrer, 1999). Q2: Does the program target the appropriate age group? This rationale for selecting this age group is outlined in the response above. Just to recap, sixth graders were selected because: †¢ They are believed to have the cognitive and scholastic abilities to follow the curriculum. †¢ They are considered old enough not to be frighten or disturbed by violent images †¢ They are considered young enough to still be forming patterns of media consumption †¢ They are considered young enough to still be forming opinions about mass media Q3: Does the program include a representative sample? Based on the information presented in the article, this program does not include a representative sample of all sixth graders. The author addresses sampling issues in the discussion of limitations. â€Å"†¦.control group members were fifth graders, whereas treatment group members were sixth graders. Although statistical analysis accounting for previously existing differences in comprehension and critical thinking about media violence alleviates this limitation, it is nonetheless a flaw in the design.† Q4: Does the program address relevant contexts? Based on the information presented in the article, this program addresses relevant contexts in the following ways: 1. The school as a social context and an appropriate setting to access children in this age group 2. Media literacy as a socially relevant ‘context’ to encourage students to become active consumers of the media by questioning media practices, messages, and effects. 3. Violence in media that is consumed by children in this age group because violence is the primary concern among a list of ethical issues pertaining to entertainment media content (Lind & Rarick, 1992). 4. The â€Å"high-risk† factors in the portrayal of TV violence are relevant context because they are believed to constitute a particular high risk for older children and adolescents (ages 7-18) due to their association with aggressive outcomes in this age group. Does the program address relevant developmental tasks? Based on the information presented, this program addresses relevant developmental tasks for the sample. Students preexisting comprehension of concepts and critical thinking about ethical issues associated with media were measured. A part of the study procedure was to introduce, define, discuss each high-risk portrayal factor and discuss the general conclusions drawn from the literature pertaining to each factor. Discussion was a key component of the procedure and this may or may not have been developmentally appropriate even though the author indicates special emphasis was placed on why each factor was associated with a heightened risk of learning aggression. Additionally, the author uses ‘ethical responsibilities and social responsibilities’ of ‘media producers’ and whether and how media should be ‘regulated’. These concepts may be understood by some of even many in this population, however this information was not provided in the article. How well does the program address relevant risk/protective factors? Based on the information presented in the article, the author does not explicitly state that knowledge, comprehension and critical thinking are protective factors, however this can be inferred based on the commonly held belief that increased critical thinking skills results in increased protective factors. Likewise, the lack of knowledge about violence and inadequate or poor critical thinking skills would result in increased risks. Summarize your opinion about the feasibility and cost of this program. Based on the information provided, it is my opinion that this program is quite feasible particularly since it is only five 1-hour visits to the sixth-grade. Additionally, college students served primarily as staff further limiting the costs to implement this program and increasing the probability of it being sustained beyond the initial study if desired. Summarize your opinion about the level of evidence demonstrated for this program based on the articles you reviewed. The level of evidence presented in this article seems sufficient in some of the assertions and less than sufficient in others. For example, the literature review in support of media literacy was sufficient. The assertions regarding ethics of media producers and that they should be socially responsible seemed more like conjecture, although I happen to agree. Critical thinking is a central tenant to this research and the literature or ‘evidence’ regarding it was minimally adequate, although sufficiently cited. Space or word limitations often make it more difficult to thoroughly explicate the rationale in the background and significance section of an article such as this.

Ãtzi, the Oldest Ice Body Ever Found Essay

â€Å"Recent Finding Sheds New Light on the Stone Age† In recent years, the name â€Å"Ãâ€"tzi† has been on the edge of every archaeologist’s tongue. In fact, experts estimate that the remains of the Iceman date back to 3,255 BC. The discovery of the Iceman came about when two German mountain climbers, Erika and Helmut Simon spotted the skeletal remains of Ãâ€"tzi, the name that was given to the unidentified prehistoric man, while hiking in the Ãâ€"tztal Alps in 1991. On September 23rd 1991, when the Iceman’s corpse was extracted from beneath the ice, archaeologists discovered that they weren’t dealing with just an ordinary cadaver. In fact, various objects that were also uncovered within great proximity of Ãâ€"tzi’s body, such as leather hide remnants a bearskin cap, made it relatively easy to date him. Upon forensic examination, scientists discovered that the Stone Aged man had many anatomical abnormalities. As a matter of fact, he lacked both wisdom teeth and a 12th pair ribs. The analysis also shows worn joints, hardened arteries, multiples bruises, over filthy tattoos, and a small gash in his skull which proved to be fatal. Further laboratory scrutiny portrays the Iceman as being brown eyed, bearded, furrow faced man, little over 5 feet tall and weighing approximately a hundred pounds. Even though the cause of death is still being debated, most experts believe that Ãâ€"tzi died by the burst of a blood vessel and cardiovascular vesicle caused by an arrow head to his left shoulder.

Examining Urban Service Sectors In Nasik City Tourism Essay Example

Examining Urban Service Sectors In Nasik City Tourism Essay Example Examining Urban Service Sectors In Nasik City Tourism Essay Examining Urban Service Sectors In Nasik City Tourism Essay Tourism as a merchandise can be defined as a an amalgam of three chief constituents a ) Attraction of the finish B ) the installations of finish and degree Celsius ) the handiness of it . When people leave to some other topographic point other than their topographic point of abode for leisure, pleasance, instruction, medical intervention, athleticss, Adventure, carnival, sing friends and relations, concern, faith etc. and remain their more than 24 hr is known as touristry. . Bhatnagar ( 2002 ) Tourism has turned into, as the middle-1980s, more and more of import characteristic of the economic system of a different urban part like Nasik metropolis ( State-Maharashtra, country-India ) . Tourist growing is the of import strategy for urban reclamation. Then we are traveling to analyze which jobs has to faced for cultural Nasik metropolis, importance of urban touristry, attractive force and information of Nasik metropolis, ( Hall,2009 ) To detect the go oning effect so as to touristry policy able to command menaces in historical and cultural Nasik metropolis. Nasik giving attending largely on strategic aims along with the strategy considered to use them throughout the modulating the metropolis. It discovered how tactical ends are copied ; concentrate on the graduated table among outside every bit good as local influence. They recommended to tourism organisation job are infrequently at the last determined, moreover issue that proper tourism direction is soon approachable in a historic metropolis ( Nasik metropolis ) . ( 3 ) ( Maitland,2005 ) It is identified that a barrier subsists among heritage defense mechanism with touristry growing, a barrier marked in turning urban metropoliss. Three chief resources of hazard so as to can colony the safety of the tradition and civilization sites were recognized, that is: population emphasis, betterment scheme of local economic system, plus a short of economic support in favor of heritage sites. ( 4 ) ( Li, Wu, Cai,2007 ) As work forces are funny animate being, he loves detecting new topographic points of the universe. The discovering of new construct and new topographic points is today the universe most flourishing industry in the universe. Tourism means the business or supplying information, transit, adjustment, nutrient and other services related to go. To go to different metropoliss, states ensuing in the growing of route, air passages, railroad conveyance with better nutrient and adjustment. Tourism contributes in the development of understanding among the people provide different chances, creates foreign exchange, employment and raises the criterion of life. To many states, touristry is merely the one signifier of prolonging the economic system.The touristry industry nourishes the metropolis s economic system ( gaining ) , aid to developing procedure, continue the civilization, heritage and aid in international apprehension and peace. Now touristry industry is the 2nd industry in the universe af ter treasures ( rocks ) and jewelry. Tourism has certain basic constituents without which can non be operate in order to understand the construct of touristry. So it is necessary to cognize the assorted constituents of touristry they are:1 ) Transport 2 ) Location 3 ) Accommodation 4 ) Food, culinary art and drink. Tourist in order to acquire his finish has to go and continuance of more than one twenty-four hours tourist need accomodation.Location with its comfortss, attractive force and culinary art is the most of import facet of tourism.Bhatnagar ( 2002 ) . It is of import to understand which factors are developing to urban Tourism. They are as follows: Curiosity: The wonder of a individual of traveling 1 ) from known civilization, heritage to unknown civilization, heritage. 2 ) From known people and countries to unknown people and countries. Anticipation: To look for something and measure each and every new experience which he gets at the new country and topographic point. Traditional and Religion: This is coming from coevals to coevals which is usually followed in Nasik ( India ) .people sing different metropoliss because of their traditional and faith. Business: The motion of people for concern ground has been greater incentive to go. Today 85 % of air travel is concern related and this helps to set up hotels with concern Centre in the urban metropolis. Education: instruction is motivated to go another metropolis, state. So this automatically helps to development of urban countries. Health: visit to wellness watering place, natural springs, medical intervention have been the boosters of touristry in urban metropolis. Attractions and historical topographic points in the metropolis and Visiting Friends and Relatives: This has besides been of import for development of urban metropolis. Adventure, civilization and heritage: This factor besides has played a great function in heightening touristry activities in the metropolis. Fair and festivals: National festivals in India such as holi, diwali, makar sankrant are inspired to go in other metropoliss. Sport, Sex, Leisure: Because of these ground people travel to another metropoliss and intend to development of urban citations. Bhatnagar ( 2002 ) IMPORTANCE OF URBAN TOURISM In historical metropoliss urban touristry is a well-known happening, and up to day of the month scheme is often related with shortening the negative impact of touristry. More outstanding every bit good as extended though is the practical utilize of urban touristry. Topographic point of marketing deserve specific concentration, as it plays an indispensable function in both the theory and the pattern of urban touristry. ( Law,2002 ) Historical topographic points like urban ( Nasik ) metropolis, it takes excessively much attending of the tourer. There are two factors like pull and push. These both factors are ever of import for the historical urban touristry. Urban agreement were justice large and reliant on public presentation like services plus fabrication every bit good as may be big scope remotion. Meaning of smallest size used for a topographic point to be divided as urban wide-ranging from lone survey to one more. ( Law, 1967 ) . Books of touristry avoided the large metropolis as type of intent, even as having it largely as the beginning of visitant flow. Trips for the conferences and concern and relatives plus to friends were hardly identified into the history, nor were little interruption in add-on to twenty-four hours trips, every part important for the urban. As it has to be identified to museums and amusement in the metropolis attract visitant, it has often hard on behalf of the touristry research work er to distinguish the locals from the traveler in add-on to gauge precisely the significance of. ( Pearce, 1989 ) .Business visitants play of import function to the urban countries. The function of image in the encephalon of the visitant is think to be complicated in their choice of finish, though this is non merely the component as quality and monetary value can besides play some function. In metropoliss civilization is formed and set up at its topmost phase. There are concerts, theaters, historical topographic points, amusement, art galleries and a wealth of issue. So it helps to din the economic system of the urban metropolis by the visitants. There is maximal juncture to acquire together with other citizens in add-on to common life be able to sophisticate. The urban propose a batch of types of amusement, sufficient to acquire the demand of all visitants. The urban metropolis proposes tonss of sight with athletics there so be able to more enthusiasm.Therefore urban ( Nasik ) metr opolis get opportunity to gain the money through the tourer. Within the urban countries there are opportunity to shop, from store to market place. There are besides acquiring opportunities to gain the money and be converted into wealthy. The Nasik metropolis is topographic point of good milieus every bit good as edifice. Government of urban metropoliss earn tonss of money through the tourer. So authorities take the advantage of the money for their metropoliss. The metropolis is affluent and varied with tonss of attractive force for the visitants. This imagination of the metropolis creates complicated to simplify sing its demand to tourist. The strong helpful features will demand excessively many and catch the attending of them while other will avoid and give it to the negative perceptual experience. By and large in big urban metropoliss where the media based which obtain excess concentration than some other topographic points ( Avraham, 2000 ) .So this metropolis might be proposes t onss of merchandises, installations and attractive force. Indirectly it assists to the economic system of urban metropolis. Demand for concern travel besides increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Because the concern tourers are high investor they create large contribution to the gross of the metropolis. The distance along with manner of concern circuits are highly different and may be about some distance and in some way. Though, it is certain that the most of import flow is among the chief concern, authorities and fiscal nucleus in the universe. These can be indispensable by the bank s chief subdivision in the urban metropolis and the scope of economic dealing, the figure of chief company s and chief subdivision in the metropolis with scope of services and concern. ( Law,2002 ) Tourism industry is really of import for every urban metropolis and state all over the universe. Now a twenty-four hours s tonss of people are interested in the historical topographic points like Nasik metropolis. Travel industry is known as the portion of national economic sciences which feeders to traveller who is sing different metropoliss outside his lasting residence. There are many metropoliss in the universe whose economic system is to the full depending on touristry. Tourism is one of the largest industries in the universe. Tourism generates more occupations. Hence today is great economic force and every bit good it can be said that in extra to this it is societal and civilization force. It assists to common apprehension between metropoliss. In touristry there are assortments of societal relationship. When a tourer comes to new topographic points and its population, societal exchange takes topographic point. Tourist societal backgrounds affect the manner and construction of l ife of his finish. One of the of import characteristic is it gives foreign exchange for the metropolis. Foreign touristry balance is the difference between money spent by the subjects abroad and foreign exchange spent by a foreign tourer s in state. This is achieved by animating more tourers to see the finish and doing them pass more money at the finish. ( Selby 2004 ) , Edwards, Griffin, hayllar ( 2008 ) . Information ABOUT NASIK CITY- The study is about a brief description and analysis of touristry industry in Nasik metropolis, Maharashtra ( province ) , India ( state ) .There are many touristry country around the whole India, among them Nasik is one of the of import metropolis. Nasik metropolis is the holy topographic point of northern Maharashtra. . The metropolis is situated near the Godavari River. There are many tunnels near the Godavari River. The River Godavari flows through the metropolis The Nasik is the Centre of pilgrims journey, civilization and tradition. The metropolis has centre attractive forces for tourer for the ground that it s beautiful environment and fresh conditions. Nasik has its ain personality because of historical, fabulous, civilization and societal importance. Nasik is the holy topographic point over the universe because of temple and tunnel on the Bankss of Godavari River. The metropolis, ever exciting on industrial ( MTDC-Maharashtra proficient development corporation, vino, note imp erativeness ) , societal, political, cultural programme and has influenced great personality in the Nasik. Nasik metropolis go really busy in the festivals and cultural programme. Nasik touristry is topographic points of involvement that all type of markets on the river Bankss, temples and ( saint ) meditating. . ( India Site Website, 2nd April 2010 ) Nasik is celebrated because of pilgrim Centre. The panchvati is the historical and beautiful topographic point in the Nasik. The stopping point to country such as Trimbakeshwar, Shirdi, Pandavlena, vani is besides tourer s attractive forces. ( India Site Website, 2nd April 2010 ) , ( Nasik website,2nd April 2010 ) Harmonizing to urban touristry books, Nasik is the historical metropolis. Because of all historical Topographic points, temples and caves.All historical topographic points, temples and caves have its ain narrative. For illustration, Panchavti country is the celebrated because of Godhead random-access memory and Godhead Sita stayed here. Today historic touristry acquired considerable sums of infinite within urban touristry.Gospodini, 2001 A. Gospodini, Urban Design, Urban Space Morphology, Urban Tourism: An Emerging Paradigm Refering Their Relationship, European Planning Studies 9 ( 7 ) ( 2001 ) , pp. 925-934. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus Cited By in Scopus ( 11 ) Major historic urban countries play critical function in general touristry industry. Historic topographic points of Nasik metropolis brings together people to portion their cognition, experience, value, besides mixes the civilizations. Within urban metropoliss there is a many-sided combine of restraints on development, with natural ecological factors being normally less of import and cultural tradition and suburban factors more of import than in other type of touristry. Gospodini ( 2001 ) , Law ( 1996 ) . Attraction OF THE CITY- Kumbha mela ( just ) : The Kumbh Mela is popular because of it is the major religious get-together on the universe, good supported by the Maharashtra touristry. It is a most of import attractive force of the Nasik metropolis. The Kumbh Mela is a spiritual festival that occurs one time every 12 old ages in four topographic points of India. These topographic points are Nasik, Haridwar, Ujjain and Allahabad. The Mela is celebrated because of Hindu holy work forces. They gathered for this event. During this event many pilgrims journey making bath into the river Godavari. It is said that this holy bath will clean their psyches. Individual agreements are made by the Maharashtra authorities for the pilgrims journey who want to remain here. There are many Dharamshala s ( it s the common topographic point that everyone can populate here ) , and guest houses. Panchavati: Panchavati is located in the Centre of Nasik. Legend Lord Shri Ram and Sita along with Lakshman stayed at Panchavati for some clip. Therefore Panchavati is known as holistic topographic point. Panchavati name derived from the five Banyan ( vad in Marathi linguistic communication ) trees. Trees are still alive in panchvati. Sita gumpha: The actual significance of Gumpha is a cave ; the Sita ( Godhead ) Gumpha is located near the five Banyan ( vad ) trees in Panchavati. It is one of the chief attractive forces of Nasik. There is a thin staircase used to come in the cave. The cave has the statue of Lord Shree Ram, Laxman and Sita. Devotees believe that Ravan ( barbarous Godhead ) kidnapped Sita from the panchavati.A Ramkund: The of import topographic point in Nasik is Ramkund ( it s like lake ) . It is said that Lord Rama took a bath in ramkund, between the periods of his stay at Nasik. Therefore, it is a of import topographic point. TheA ashes were dropped in Ramkund after mahatma Gandhi ( national leader ) passed off. Mr. Nehru ( national leader ) was besides present on this occasion.A The Ramkund attracts countless fans. Here pilgrimage takes a holy bath. Muktidham: Muktidham temple is situated in Nasik Road. This is the really of import topographic point of the Nasik metropolis. This temple made with white marble. The chief thing of this temple are 18 chapters of Geeta ( Hindu Bible ) written on the walls. Pandav leni ( Caves ) : Pandav leni is the historical topographic point. There are tonss of caves in the pandav leni. All tourers get attracted to Nasik metropolis because of these attractive forces.Nasik metropolis offered overall cultural, historical, gardens and amusements topographic points for all types of tourer ( International and national ) and all sort of ages. . ( India Site Website, 2nd April 2010 ) PROBLEMS OF THE NASIK CITY TOWARDS TOURIST: Nasik is the celebrated for tourer topographic point although tourer has to confront jobs like: Cardinal authorities, province authorities and even local Municipal Corporation is non funding for tourer Centre. There are private tourer Centre, but their charges are heavy. In Nasik there are few 5 star hotels and tourer has to bare adjustment job. Bhattacharya, ( 2010 ) Problem of touristry in urban metropoliss ( Nasik ) is that tourer s travel and ground alterations to both themselves and the topographic points they visit. Urban City sing involves many practical governmental activities. There are tonss of tourers clip are spent forming, reading maps, where to travel, traveling to the tourer information office happening conveyance, what to make and so on. Tourism is an international procedure and that has been considered by many research workers in the sense of effects tourers have on the visited metropolis and state.Bhattacharya, ( 2010 ) There is no international airdrome. So tourer has to go once more to make to Nasik. Nasik authorities is non good help to international advertizement. As population addition twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours, tourers are non so happy and satisfied because there are few air status coachs, cabs. Roadss are non decently maintained. In Nasik there is merely 1 cardinal railroad station, so tourist ca nt take enjoy of the local railroad installations. Sometimes tourer has to bear linguistic communication job. There is besides some slum country, so cleansing besides one the job of Nasik metropolis. Now a twenty-four hours s trees are cut by builders, so the verdure of Nasik is diminishing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. The chief purpose of tourer is the beaches and sight seen but there is no beach in the Nasik metropolis. Ingale, ( 2010 ) Urban Tourism includes a long scope of activities such as relaxing, shopping, sing friends, concern, rubber-necking and sing household. However, whatever the program of tourer about the finish, they must at least take some determination before to travel at that place.Otherwise it will be hard for the tourer to pull off their timing. This determination should be considered in the footings of clip because to make different topographic points and the attractive force of different musca volitanss. In the Nasik metropolis Tourist has to confront the jobs of working with a new currency and standing in long waiting line for the currency exchange. Along with how and what, tourers have to pull off their personal activities when they go in the urban metropolis. Time is besides a job for the tourers when they working with any administration or bureau because their timing for services are different like opening clip ought to fit with public conveyance, such as coachs or trains. ( Brown,2004 ) PROBLEMS WITH NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL TOURIST: The chief job for international tourer is the linguistic communication, because largely people speak Marathi linguistic communication in the Nasik metropolis. On the other manus domestic tourer speaks other linguistic communications than Marathi, so they used to talk Hindi linguistic communication. Because Hindi is the national linguistic communication of the India. And in the instance of international tourer, few people know the English linguistic communication. Therefore sometimes international tourer has to confront the linguistic communication job. Sometimes tourer besides does nt cognize which the best topographic points for shopping. Food is besides one of the major jobs for domestic and international tourer.In Nasik metropolis some hotels do nt supply different culinary art for tourer. Sometimes tourers are non used to map, so they has to endure from transit. Because of tourer offense rate is increasing in the Nasik metropolis. Sometimes tourer has to confront the job of publi c violence and work stoppage because of political issues. Nasik authorities has few luxury coachs, so the all tourer ca nt take enjoy of the epicurean traveling. Nasik circuit coachs are non so comfy for tourer. Ingale, ( 2010 ) Particular jobs with the tourer are who do non cognize which linguistic communication used upper limit in the Nasik metropolis. A lack of cross cultural probe is therefore one defect of this work. The first, straightforward, job which tourers have to confront in an urban metropolis that they are wholly new in the metropolis and confused about what to make. ( Brown, 2004 ) There are no protections for historical topographic points so the increased menaces of terrorist act.Incivility for tourer topographic points are the chief job for Nasik metropolis. Nasik authorities besides do nt supply any type of protection for tourer. Tourists are increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours, so the jobs are besides lifting to the local people of Nasik metropolis. Because of tourer, local people have deficiency of adjustment. Personal life of local people besides gets disturbed. And countries are besides non so clean because of tourer. Economic rate is increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Pollution and population are increasing in the Nasik metropolis because of domestic tourer and international tourer. Ingale, ( 2010 ) Analyzing urban tourer s job presents interesting challenges. For illustration, most tourers are extremely motivated ; means they can travel to any topographic point, and there is no individual site in the urban metropolis where the scope of activities that make up touristry can be explored. So it s hard to understand for urban metropoliss. In Nasik metropolis many of the attractive forces are spread around the metropolis. Therefore a demand to cut down the clip spent going between topographic points and to cognize which 1 is the site is most of import and how can tourist manage along the manner. In urban metropolis like Nasik tourers ca nt happen the manner of public conveyance, because of imperfect information, or unknown route systems. ( Brown,2004 ) In commissariats of transit and substructure of the Nasik metropolis is relatively good placed. But sometimes tourers are non happy with services.Because tourist demands more convenience sing with transit and substructure. So in Nasik JNNURM ( Jawaharlal Nehru national brotherhood reclamation mission ) are working on it. ( Nasik, Appraisal Report,21st April 2010 ) The metropolis does nt provide a high-quality degree of installations for visitants and the icon reflects the metropolis s development point of position reciprocally in supplies of local potency, and its tactical topographic point inside the State s Development construction harmonizing to urban touristry. ( Nasik, Appraisal Report,21st April 2010 ) CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: Nasik metropolis has to set up more currency exchange Centre so it will be convenient for tourer. In Nasik metropolis some hotels do nt supply different culinary art for tourer. So hotels should give the different culinary art to the tourer. More security should be there for tourer, because of offense rate in increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours and tourer besides has to confront public violence and work stoppage because of political issues. Nasik authorities has to maintain more civilizations on historical topographic points because of terrorist act. And do certain that there will be no any type problem for the local people. Government has to defy on pollution and population. Ingale, ( 2010 ) IN Nasik, JNNURM ( Jawaharlal Nehru national brotherhood reclamation mission ) has to give more attending on transit and substructure. . ( Nasik, Appraisal signifier, 19th April 2010 ) The visual aspect of urban touristry and the cardinal, fiscal, social and encouraging factors are recognized. Concepts for illustration urban reclamation are good examined. There is besides increasing portion of fresh Centre on the place of advertisement in add-on to the betterment of urban touristry, author like Kotler et Al. ( 1993 ) and Ashworth and Voogd ( 1990 ) have prepared a of import engagement to the urban touristry growing every bit good as theory of place advertisement.Various urban touristry survey exemplify the trouble connected through advertisement trade goods.We The research worker supply nearby to both challenges met with the limitation of several urban touristry schemes urban touristry practicians. ( Selby,2001 ) The idea of turning an urban touristry research program be anticipated to future research in urban touristry is assumed with interrelated process, by agencies of the active assignment with the individual who is giving importance within developing the presentation of urban touristry finishs job, slightly well-known in the observation of rational, were evident less important by concern, among the freedom of recognizing the colony of touristry in favor of local society. Together things of analysis are official, along with ought to presume in the readying of every urban touristry research programme so as to find on retrieving the presentation of urban finishs from an educational point of view probe jobs might be peculiar to cover the distance within the already bing information sing to urban tourism. , Research job able to selected to acquire exact jobs along with challenge to ease an urban finish might be encounter. ( Edwards, Griffin, Hayllar,2008 ) We noticed that the strategy, that the happening of urban touristry have a leaning to uncover such failing. Then the construction lying on the strong point of metropolis image examine in the sense of doing an thought about different sort of image, an scrutiny of weak point have allow to some extent extra thoughtful decision to be examined. ( Edwards, Griffin, Hayllar,2008 ) We have seen that the academic conversation may be involved t to make the historical probe. This is besides placing so as to the similar milieus be able to recognize highly in a different manner through a scope of people. It besides about understands how accomplishment is supported upon old pattern every bit good as how these old pattern may be able to used to calculate decision edifice. ( Selby,2001 ) The research proposes realistic with helpful way in favor of examine the urban touristry. An analyzing publicity these researches have let a assortment of small job to look that might be helpful for notify to approaching research. ( Edwards, Griffin, Hayllar, 2008 ) Recommendation- * State authorities and local Municipal Corporation should fund to the tourer Centre. Private tourer Centre must be charges low and Nasik metropolis has to construct more star hotels. Tourist Government has to help promote advertise to the international every bit good as national degree. Bhattacharya, ( 2010 ) *Tourist Centre has to give anterior information to the tourer about, nutrient, adjustment, where to travel, how to travel, what to make and so on. They besides have to do some program about international airdrome. So tourer can salvage their clip. Tourist Centre should convey air some status coachs, cabs and Roads should be decently maintained. And besides convey local railroad installations. Each and every tourer Centre keeps linguistic communication translator so, tourer feel comfy. Government should give proper construction to the slum country and give attending to the cut down trees. So the verdure of Nasik is will be maintained. Ingale, ( 2010 ) The Nasik metropolis has to supply high-quality degree of installations for visitants, so the icon reflects towards metropolis will be positive ( Nasik, Appraisal study, 21st April 2010 )

A Very Short History of Chad, Africa

A Very Short History of Chad, Africa Brief History of Chad Chad is one of several potential sites for the cradle of humankind in Africa following the discovery of seven-million-year-old human-like skull, now known as the Toumaà ¯ (Hope of life) skull. 7000 years ago the region was not as arid as it is today cave paintings depict elephants, rhinoceroses, giraffes, cattle, and camels. People lived and farmed around the shores of lakes in the north central basin of the Sahara. The indigenous Sao people who lived along the Chari river during the first millennia CE were absorbed by the Kamen-Bornu and Baguirmi kingdoms (which stretched from Lake Chad deep into the Sahara) and the region became a crossroads for the trans-Saharan trade routes. Following the collapse of the central kingdoms, the region became something of a backwater ruled by local tribes and regularly raided by Arab slavers. Conquered by the French during the last decade of the 19th century, the territory was declared pacified in 1911. The French initially placed control of the region under a governor-general in Brazzaville (Congo), but in 1910 Chad was joined to the larger federation of Afrique Équatoriale Franà §aise (AEF, French Equatorial Africa). It was not until 1914 that the north of Chad was finally occupied by the French. The AEF was dissolved in 1959, and independence followed on 11 August 1960 with Francois Tombalbaye as Chads first president. It was not long, unfortunately, before civil war erupted between the Muslim north and Christian/animist south. Tombalbaye rule became more brutal and in 1975 General Felix Malloum took power in a coup. He was replaced by Goukouni Oueddei after another coup in 1979. Power changed hands twice more by coup: to Hissà ¨ne Habrà © in 1982, and then to Idriss Dà ©by in 1990. The first multi-party, democratic elections held since independence reaffirmed Dà ©by in 1996.

Ginger Design Consultancy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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